Application of Evidence-Based Nursing Effleurage Massage Technique on Active Phase First Stage Labor Pain with the Katharine Kolcaba Approach in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Emergency Room of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado City

Abstract

Introduction: Effleurage massage is a non-pharmacological technique that can reduce the intensity of labor pain during the active phase in mothers giving birth. Objective: This study is to prove that there is a decrease in pain intensity during the active phase of labor with the Kolcaba approach. Method: The research was descriptive analytical, a case study, where the research was related to finding out the characteristics, attitudes, and patterns of a particular group. Effleurage massage was applied once every eight hours, two to three times for ten minutes during contractions, with a frequency of six strokes from the shoulder to the tailbone and eighteen small strokes using the thumb down the spine and back again from the shoulder to the tailbone for six strokes. Results: There was a difference in the pain scale of the respondents before and after the effleurage massage procedure, respectively, the first respondent scaled from 9 to 7, the second and third respondents scaled from 8 to 7, and the fourth respondent scaled from 9 to 8. Conclusion: The non-pharmacological effleurage massage technique performed on women giving birth during the active phase is effective because it can be used to reduce labor pain during the active phase in a simple, practical way, and can be used by health workers as a safe intervention for patients